Add examples for the high level API.

examples/custom_decoder_engine.c

+/*
+Demonstrates how to implement a custom decoder and use it with the high level API.
+
+This is the same as the custom_decoder example, only it's used with the high level engine API
+rather than the low level decoding API. You can use this to add support for Opus to your games, for
+example (via libopus).
+*/
+#define MA_NO_VORBIS    /* Disable the built-in Vorbis decoder to ensure the libvorbis decoder is picked. */
+#define MA_NO_OPUS      /* Disable the (not yet implemented) built-in Opus decoder to ensure the libopus decoder is picked. */
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../../miniaudio.h"
+#include "../../extras/miniaudio_libvorbis.h"
+#include "../../extras/miniaudio_libopus.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init__libvorbis(void* pUserData, ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_proc onTell, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pVorbis), pAllocationCallbacks);
+    if (pVorbis == NULL) {
+        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    result = ma_libvorbis_init(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pReadSeekTellUserData, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pVorbis);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_free(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *ppBackend = pVorbis;
+
+    return MA_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libvorbis(void* pUserData, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pVorbis), pAllocationCallbacks);
+    if (pVorbis == NULL) {
+        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    result = ma_libvorbis_init_file(pFilePath, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pVorbis);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_free(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *ppBackend = pVorbis;
+
+    return MA_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libvorbis(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)pBackend;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    ma_libvorbis_uninit(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    ma_free(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
+}
+
+static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_get_channel_map__libvorbis(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap)
+{
+    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)pBackend;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    return ma_libvorbis_get_data_format(pVorbis, NULL, NULL, NULL, pChannelMap, channelMapCap);
+}
+
+static ma_decoding_backend_vtable g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libvorbis =
+{
+    ma_decoding_backend_init__libvorbis,
+    ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libvorbis,
+    NULL, /* onInitFileW() */
+    NULL, /* onInitMemory() */
+    ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libvorbis
+};
+
+
+
+static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init__libopus(void* pUserData, ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_proc onTell, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_libopus* pOpus;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    pOpus = (ma_libopus*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pOpus), pAllocationCallbacks);
+    if (pOpus == NULL) {
+        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    result = ma_libopus_init(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pReadSeekTellUserData, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pOpus);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_free(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *ppBackend = pOpus;
+
+    return MA_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libopus(void* pUserData, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_libopus* pOpus;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    pOpus = (ma_libopus*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pOpus), pAllocationCallbacks);
+    if (pOpus == NULL) {
+        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    result = ma_libopus_init_file(pFilePath, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pOpus);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_free(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *ppBackend = pOpus;
+
+    return MA_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libopus(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
+{
+    ma_libopus* pOpus = (ma_libopus*)pBackend;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    ma_libopus_uninit(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
+    ma_free(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
+}
+
+static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_get_channel_map__libopus(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap)
+{
+    ma_libopus* pOpus = (ma_libopus*)pBackend;
+
+    (void)pUserData;
+
+    return ma_libopus_get_data_format(pOpus, NULL, NULL, NULL, pChannelMap, channelMapCap);
+}
+
+static ma_decoding_backend_vtable g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libopus =
+{
+    ma_decoding_backend_init__libopus,
+    ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libopus,
+    NULL, /* onInitFileW() */
+    NULL, /* onInitMemory() */
+    ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libopus
+};
+
+
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
+    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
+    ma_engine_config engineConfig;
+    ma_engine engine;
+
+    /*
+    Add your custom backend vtables here. The order in the array defines the order of priority. The
+    vtables will be passed in to the resource manager config.
+    */
+    ma_decoding_backend_vtable* pCustomBackendVTables[] =
+    {
+        &g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libvorbis,
+        &g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libopus
+    };
+
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        printf("No input file.\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Using custom decoding backends requires a resource manager. */
+    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
+    resourceManagerConfig.ppCustomDecodingBackendVTables = pCustomBackendVTables;
+    resourceManagerConfig.customDecodingBackendCount     = sizeof(pCustomBackendVTables) / sizeof(pCustomBackendVTables[0]);
+    resourceManagerConfig.pCustomDecodingBackendUserData = NULL;  /* <-- This will be passed in to the pUserData parameter of each function in the decoding backend vtables. */
+
+    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize resource manager.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Once we have a resource manager we can create the engine. */
+    engineConfig = ma_engine_config_init();
+    engineConfig.pResourceManager = &resourceManager;
+
+    result = ma_engine_init(&engineConfig, &engine);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize engine.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Now we can play our sound. */
+    result = ma_engine_play_sound(&engine, argv[1], NULL);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to play sound.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
+    getchar();
+
+    return 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

examples/duplex_effect.c

+/*
+Demonstrates how to apply an effect to a duplex stream using the node graph system.
+
+This example applies a vocoder effect to the input stream before outputting it. A custom node
+called `ma_vocoder_node` is used to achieve the effect which can be found in the extras folder in
+the miniaudio repository. The vocoder node uses https://github.com/blastbay/voclib to achieve the
+effect.
+*/
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../../miniaudio.h"
+#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
+#include "../_extras/nodes/ma_vocoder_node/ma_vocoder_node.c"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define DEVICE_FORMAT      ma_format_f32;   /* Must always be f32 for this example because the node graph system only works with this. */
+#define DEVICE_CHANNELS    1                /* For this example, always set to 1. */
+
+static ma_waveform         g_sourceData;    /* The underlying data source of the excite node. */
+static ma_audio_buffer_ref g_exciteData;    /* The underlying data source of the source node. */
+static ma_data_source_node g_sourceNode;    /* A data source node containing the source data we'll be sending through to the vocoder. This will be routed into the first bus of the vocoder node. */
+static ma_data_source_node g_exciteNode;    /* A data source node containing the excite data we'll be sending through to the vocoder. This will be routed into the second bus of the vocoder node. */
+static ma_vocoder_node     g_vocoderNode;   /* The vocoder node. */
+static ma_node_graph       g_nodeGraph;
+
+void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
+{
+    MA_ASSERT(pDevice->capture.format == pDevice->playback.format);
+    MA_ASSERT(pDevice->capture.channels == pDevice->playback.channels);
+
+    /*
+    The node graph system is a pulling style of API. At the lowest level of the chain will be a 
+    node acting as a data source for the purpose of delivering the initial audio data. In our case,
+    the data source is our `pInput` buffer. We need to update the underlying data source so that it
+    read data from `pInput`.
+    */
+    ma_audio_buffer_ref_set_data(&g_exciteData, pInput, frameCount);
+
+    /* With the source buffer configured we can now read directly from the node graph. */
+    ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(&g_nodeGraph, pOutput, frameCount, NULL);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
+    ma_device device;
+    ma_node_graph_config nodeGraphConfig;
+    ma_vocoder_node_config vocoderNodeConfig;
+    ma_data_source_node_config sourceNodeConfig;
+    ma_data_source_node_config exciteNodeConfig;
+    ma_waveform_config waveformConfig;
+
+    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_duplex);
+    deviceConfig.capture.pDeviceID  = NULL;
+    deviceConfig.capture.format     = DEVICE_FORMAT;
+    deviceConfig.capture.channels   = DEVICE_CHANNELS;
+    deviceConfig.capture.shareMode  = ma_share_mode_shared;
+    deviceConfig.playback.pDeviceID = NULL;
+    deviceConfig.playback.format    = DEVICE_FORMAT;
+    deviceConfig.playback.channels  = DEVICE_CHANNELS;
+    deviceConfig.dataCallback       = data_callback;
+    result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Now we can setup our node graph. */
+    nodeGraphConfig = ma_node_graph_config_init(device.capture.channels);
+
+    result = ma_node_graph_init(&nodeGraphConfig, NULL, &g_nodeGraph);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize node graph.");
+        goto done0;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Vocoder. Attached straight to the endpoint. */
+    vocoderNodeConfig = ma_vocoder_node_config_init(device.capture.channels, device.sampleRate);
+
+    result = ma_vocoder_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &vocoderNodeConfig, NULL, &g_vocoderNode);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize vocoder node.");
+        goto done1;
+    }
+
+    ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_vocoderNode, 0, ma_node_graph_get_endpoint(&g_nodeGraph), 0);
+
+    /* Amplify the volume of the vocoder output because in my testing it is a bit quiet. */
+    ma_node_set_output_bus_volume(&g_vocoderNode, 0, 4);
+
+
+    /* Source/carrier. Attached to input bus 0 of the vocoder node. */
+    waveformConfig = ma_waveform_config_init(device.capture.format, device.capture.channels, device.sampleRate, ma_waveform_type_sawtooth, 1.0, 50);
+
+    result = ma_waveform_init(&waveformConfig, &g_sourceData);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize waveform for excite node.");
+        goto done3;
+    }
+
+    sourceNodeConfig = ma_data_source_node_config_init(&g_sourceData, MA_FALSE);
+
+    result = ma_data_source_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &sourceNodeConfig, NULL, &g_sourceNode);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize excite node.");
+        goto done3;
+    }
+
+    ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_sourceNode, 0, &g_vocoderNode, 0);
+
+
+    /* Excite/modulator. Attached to input bus 1 of the vocoder node. */
+    result = ma_audio_buffer_ref_init(device.capture.format, device.capture.channels, NULL, 0, &g_exciteData);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize audio buffer for source.");
+        goto done2;
+    }
+
+    exciteNodeConfig = ma_data_source_node_config_init(&g_exciteData, MA_FALSE);
+
+    result = ma_data_source_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &exciteNodeConfig, NULL, &g_exciteNode);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize source node.");
+        goto done2;
+    }
+
+    ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_exciteNode, 0, &g_vocoderNode, 1);
+
+
+    ma_device_start(&device);
+
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...\n");
+    getchar();
+
+    /* It's important that we stop the device first or else we'll uninitialize the graph from under the device. */
+    ma_device_stop(&device);
+
+/*done4:*/ ma_data_source_node_uninit(&g_exciteNode, NULL);
+done3: ma_data_source_node_uninit(&g_sourceNode, NULL);
+done2: ma_vocoder_node_uninit(&g_vocoderNode, NULL);
+done1: ma_node_graph_uninit(&g_nodeGraph, NULL);
+done0: ma_device_uninit(&device);
+
+    (void)argc;
+    (void)argv;
+    return 0;
+}

examples/engine_advanced.c

+/*
+This example demonstrates some of the advanced features of the high level engine API.
+
+The following features are demonstrated:
+
+  * Initialization of the engine from a pre-initialized device.
+  * Self-managed resource managers.
+  * Multiple engines with a shared resource manager.
+  * Creation and management of `ma_sound` objects.
+
+This example will play the sound that's passed in the command line.
+
+If you were wanting to support multiple listeners, this example will show you how to do that. You achieve this by
+initializing one `ma_engine` object for each listener, each of which share a single self-managed resource manager.
+*/
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../../miniaudio.h"
+#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
+
+#define MAX_DEVICES 2
+#define MAX_SOUNDS  32
+
+void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
+{
+    (void)pInput;
+
+    /*
+    Since we're managing the underlying device ourselves, we need to manually call the engine's data handler. To do
+    this we need access to the `ma_engine` object which we passed in to the user data. The advantage of this is that
+    you could do your own audio processing in addition to the engine's standard processing.
+    */
+    ma_engine_read_pcm_frames((ma_engine*)pDevice->pUserData, pOutput, frameCount, NULL);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_context context;
+    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
+    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
+    ma_engine engines[MAX_DEVICES];
+    ma_device devices[MAX_DEVICES];
+    ma_uint32 engineCount = 0;
+    ma_uint32 iEngine;
+    ma_device_info* pPlaybackDeviceInfos;
+    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceCount;
+    ma_uint32 iAvailableDevice;
+    ma_uint32 iChosenDevice;
+    ma_sound sounds[MAX_SOUNDS];
+    ma_uint32 soundCount;
+    ma_uint32 iSound;
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        printf("No input file.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    We are going to be initializing multiple engines. In order to save on memory usage we can use a self managed
+    resource manager so we can share a single resource manager across multiple engines.
+    */
+    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedFormat     = ma_format_f32;    /* ma_format_f32 should almost always be used as that's what the engine (and most everything else) uses for mixing. */
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedChannels   = 0;                /* Setting the channel count to 0 will cause sounds to use their native channel count. */
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedSampleRate = 48000;            /* Using a consistent sample rate is useful for avoiding expensive resampling in the audio thread. This will result in resampling being performed by the loading thread(s). */
+
+    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize resource manager.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* We're going to want a context so we can enumerate our playback devices. */
+    result = ma_context_init(NULL, 0, NULL, &context);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize context.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Now that we have a context we will want to enumerate over each device so we can display them to the user and give
+    them a chance to select the output devices they want to use.
+    */
+    result = ma_context_get_devices(&context, &pPlaybackDeviceInfos, &playbackDeviceCount, NULL, NULL);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to enumerate playback devices.");
+        ma_context_uninit(&context);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* We have our devices, so now we want to get the user to select the devices they want to output to. */
+    engineCount = 0;
+
+    for (iChosenDevice = 0; iChosenDevice < MAX_DEVICES; iChosenDevice += 1) {
+        int c = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+            printf("Select playback device %d ([%d - %d], Q to quit):\n", iChosenDevice+1, 0, ma_min((int)playbackDeviceCount, 9));
+
+            for (iAvailableDevice = 0; iAvailableDevice < playbackDeviceCount; iAvailableDevice += 1) {
+                printf("    %d: %s\n", iAvailableDevice, pPlaybackDeviceInfos[iAvailableDevice].name);
+            }
+
+            for (;;) {
+                c = getchar();
+                if (c != '\n') {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        
+            if (c == 'q' || c == 'Q') {
+                return 0;   /* User aborted. */
+            }
+
+            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+                c -= '0';
+
+                if (c < (int)playbackDeviceCount) {
+                    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
+                    ma_engine_config engineConfig;
+
+                    /*
+                    Create the device first before the engine. We'll specify the device in the engine's config. This is optional. When a device is
+                    not pre-initialized the engine will create one for you internally. The device does not need to be started here - the engine will
+                    do that for us in `ma_engine_start()`. The device's format is derived from the resource manager, but can be whatever you want.
+                    It's useful to keep the format consistent with the resource manager to avoid data conversions costs in the audio callback. In
+                    this example we're using the resource manager's sample format and sample rate, but leaving the channel count set to the device's
+                    native channels. You can use whatever format/channels/rate you like.
+                    */
+                    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
+                    deviceConfig.playback.pDeviceID = &pPlaybackDeviceInfos[c].id;
+                    deviceConfig.playback.format    = resourceManager.config.decodedFormat;
+                    deviceConfig.playback.channels  = 0;
+                    deviceConfig.sampleRate         = resourceManager.config.decodedSampleRate;
+                    deviceConfig.dataCallback       = data_callback;
+                    deviceConfig.pUserData          = &engines[engineCount];
+
+                    result = ma_device_init(&context, &deviceConfig, &devices[engineCount]);
+                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+                        printf("Failed to initialize device for %s.\n", pPlaybackDeviceInfos[c].name);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    /* Now that we have the device we can initialize the engine. The device is passed into the engine's config. */
+                    engineConfig = ma_engine_config_init();
+                    engineConfig.pDevice          = &devices[engineCount];
+                    engineConfig.pResourceManager = &resourceManager;
+                    engineConfig.noAutoStart      = MA_TRUE;    /* Don't start the engine by default - we'll do that manually below. */
+
+                    result = ma_engine_init(&engineConfig, &engines[engineCount]);
+                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+                        printf("Failed to initialize engine for %s.\n", pPlaybackDeviceInfos[c].name);
+                        ma_device_uninit(&devices[engineCount]);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    
+                    engineCount += 1;
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    printf("Invalid device number.\n");
+                }
+            } else {
+                printf("Invalid device number.\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+        printf("Device %d: %s\n", iChosenDevice+1, pPlaybackDeviceInfos[c].name);
+    }
+
+
+    /* We should now have our engine's initialized. We can now start them. */
+    for (iEngine = 0; iEngine < engineCount; iEngine += 1) {
+        result = ma_engine_start(&engines[iEngine]);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            printf("WARNING: Failed to start engine %d.\n", iEngine);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    At this point our engine's are running and outputting nothing but silence. To get them playing something we'll need
+    some sounds. In this example we're just using one sound per engine, but you can create as many as you like. Since
+    we're using a shared resource manager, the sound data will only be loaded once. This is how you would implement
+    multiple listeners.
+    */
+    soundCount = 0;
+    for (iEngine = 0; iEngine < engineCount; iEngine += 1) {
+        /* Just one sound per engine in this example. We're going to be loading this asynchronously. */
+        result = ma_sound_init_from_file(&engines[iEngine], argv[1], MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM, NULL, NULL, &sounds[iEngine]);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            printf("WARNING: Failed to load sound \"%s\"", argv[1]);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /*
+        The sound can be started as soon as ma_sound_init_from_file() returns, even for sounds that are initialized
+        with MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC. The sound will start playing while it's being loaded. Note that if the
+        asynchronous loading process cannot keep up with the rate at which you try reading you'll end up glitching.
+        If this is an issue, you need to not load sounds asynchronously.
+        */
+        result = ma_sound_start(&sounds[iEngine]);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            printf("WARNING: Failed to start sound.");
+        }
+
+        soundCount += 1;
+    }
+
+
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
+    getchar();
+    
+    for (;;) {
+        int c = getchar();
+        if (c == '\n') {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Teardown. */
+
+    /* The application owns the `ma_sound` object which means you're responsible for uninitializing them. */
+    for (iSound = 0; iSound < soundCount; iSound += 1) {
+        ma_sound_uninit(&sounds[iSound]);
+    }
+
+    /* We can now uninitialize each engine. */
+    for (iEngine = 0; iEngine < engineCount; iEngine += 1) {
+        ma_engine_uninit(&engines[iEngine]);
+
+        /*
+        The engine has been uninitialized so now lets uninitialize the device. Do this first to ensure we don't
+        uninitialize the resource manager from under the device while the data callback is running.
+        */
+        ma_device_uninit(&devices[iEngine]);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Do the resource manager last. This way we can guarantee the data callbacks of each device aren't trying to access
+    and data managed by the resource manager.
+    */
+    ma_resource_manager_uninit(&resourceManager);
+
+    return 0;
+}

examples/engine_hello_world.c

+/*
+This example demonstrates how to initialize an audio engine and play a sound.
+
+This will play the sound specified on the command line.
+*/
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../../miniaudio.h"
+#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_engine engine;
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        printf("No input file.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    result = ma_engine_init(NULL, &engine);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize audio engine.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ma_engine_play_sound(&engine, argv[1], NULL);
+
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
+    getchar();
+
+    ma_engine_uninit(&engine);
+
+    return 0;
+}

examples/resource_manager.c

+/*
+Demonstrates how you can use the resource manager to manage loaded sounds.
+
+This example loads the first sound specified on the command line via the resource manager and then plays it using the
+low level API.
+
+You can control whether or not you want to load the sound asynchronously and whether or not you want to store the data
+in-memory or stream it. When storing the sound in-memory you can also control whether or not it is decoded. To do this,
+specify a combination of the following options in `ma_resource_manager_data_source_init()`:
+
+    * MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC  - Load asynchronously.
+    * MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE - Store the sound in-memory in uncompressed/decoded format.
+    * MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM - Stream the sound from disk rather than storing entirely in memory. Useful for music.
+
+The object returned by the resource manager is just a standard data source which means it can be plugged into any of
+`ma_data_source_*()` APIs just like any other data source and it should just work.
+
+Internally, there's a background thread that's used to process jobs and enable asynchronicity. By default there is only
+a single job thread, but this can be configured in the resource manager config. You can also implement your own threads
+for processing jobs. That is more advanced, and beyond the scope of this example.
+
+When you initialize a resource manager you can specify the sample format, channels and sample rate to use when reading
+data from the data source. This means the resource manager will ensure all sounds will have a standard format. When not
+set, each sound will have their own formats and you'll need to do the necessary data conversion yourself.
+*/
+#define MA_NO_ENGINE        /* We're intentionally not using the ma_engine API here. */
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../../miniaudio.h"
+#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
+
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+#include <emscripten.h>
+
+void main_loop__em(void* pUserData)
+{
+    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager = (ma_resource_manager*)pUserData;
+    MA_ASSERT(pResourceManager != NULL);
+
+    /*
+    The Emscripten build does not support threading which means we need to process jobs manually. If
+    there are no jobs needing to be processed this will return immediately with MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE.
+    */
+    ma_resource_manager_process_next_job(pResourceManager);
+}
+#endif
+
+void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
+{
+    ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames((ma_data_source*)pDevice->pUserData, pOutput, frameCount, NULL, MA_TRUE);
+
+    (void)pInput;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
+    ma_device device;
+    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
+    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
+    ma_resource_manager_data_source dataSource;
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        printf("No input file.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* We'll initialize the device first. */
+    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
+    deviceConfig.dataCallback = data_callback;
+    deviceConfig.pUserData    = &dataSource;    /* <-- We'll be reading from this in the data callback. */
+
+    result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize device.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    We have the device so now we want to initialize the resource manager. We'll use the resource manager to load a
+    sound based on the command line.
+    */
+    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedFormat     = device.playback.format;
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedChannels   = device.playback.channels;
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedSampleRate = device.sampleRate;
+
+    /*
+    We're not supporting threading with Emscripten so go ahead and disable threading. It's important
+    that we set the appropriate flag and also the job thread count to 0.
+    */
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    resourceManagerConfig.flags |= MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NO_THREADING;
+    resourceManagerConfig.jobThreadCount = 0;
+#endif
+
+    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_device_uninit(&device);
+        printf("Failed to initialize the resource manager.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Now that we have a resource manager we can load a sound. */
+    result = ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(
+        &resourceManager,
+        argv[1],
+        MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM,
+        NULL,   /* Async notification. */
+        &dataSource);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to load sound \"%s\".", argv[1]);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Now that we have a sound we can start the device. */
+    result = ma_device_start(&device);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_device_uninit(&device);
+        printf("Failed to start device.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    emscripten_set_main_loop_arg(main_loop__em, &resourceManager, 0, 1);
+#else
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...\n");
+    getchar();
+#endif
+
+    /* Teardown. */
+
+    /* Uninitialize the device first to ensure the data callback is stopped and doesn't try to access any data. */
+    ma_device_uninit(&device);
+
+    /*
+    Before uninitializing the resource manager we need to uninitialize every data source. The data source is owned by
+    the caller which means you're responsible for uninitializing it.
+    */
+    ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit(&dataSource);
+
+    /* Uninitialize the resource manager after each data source. */
+    ma_resource_manager_uninit(&resourceManager);
+
+    return 0;
+}

examples/resource_manager_advanced.c

+/*
+Demonstrates how you can use the resource manager to manage loaded sounds.
+
+The resource manager can be used to create a data source whose resources are managed internally by miniaudio. The data
+sources can then be read just like any other data source such as decoders and audio buffers.
+
+In this example we use the resource manager independently of the `ma_engine` API so that we can demonstrate how it can
+be used by itself without getting it confused with `ma_engine`.
+
+The main feature of the resource manager is the ability to decode and stream audio data asynchronously. Asynchronicity
+is achieved with a job system. The resource manager will issue jobs which are processed by a configurable number of job
+threads. You can also implement your own custom job threads which this example also demonstrates.
+
+In this example we show how you can create a data source, mix them with other data sources, configure the number of job
+threads to manage internally and how to implement your own custom job thread.
+*/
+#define MA_NO_ENGINE        /* We're intentionally not using the ma_engine API here. */
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../../miniaudio.h"
+#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
+
+static ma_resource_manager_data_source g_dataSources[16];
+static ma_uint32                       g_dataSourceCount;
+
+
+/*
+TODO: Consider putting these public functions in miniaudio.h. Will depend on ma_mix_pcm_frames_f32()
+being merged into miniaudio.h (it's currently in miniaudio_engine.h).
+*/
+static ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32_ex(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop, ma_format dataSourceFormat, ma_uint32 dataSourceChannels)
+{
+    /*
+    This function is intended to be used when the format and channel count of the data source is
+    known beforehand. The idea is to avoid overhead due to redundant calls to ma_data_source_get_data_format().
+    */
+    MA_ASSERT(pDataSource != NULL);
+
+    if (dataSourceFormat == ma_format_f32) {
+        /* Fast path. No conversion necessary. */
+        return ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, pFramesRead, loop);
+    } else {
+        /* Slow path. Conversion necessary. */
+        ma_result result;
+        ma_uint64 totalFramesRead;
+        ma_uint8 temp[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        ma_uint64 tempCapInFrames = sizeof(temp) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(dataSourceFormat, dataSourceChannels);
+        
+        totalFramesRead = 0;
+        while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
+            ma_uint64 framesJustRead;
+            ma_uint64 framesToRead = frameCount - totalFramesRead;
+            if (framesToRead > tempCapInFrames) {
+                framesToRead = tempCapInFrames;
+            }
+
+            result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, pFramesOut, framesToRead, &framesJustRead, loop);
+
+            ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(pFramesOut, totalFramesRead, dataSourceChannels), ma_format_f32, temp, dataSourceFormat, framesJustRead, dataSourceChannels, ma_dither_mode_none);
+            totalFramesRead += framesJustRead;
+
+            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return MA_SUCCESS;
+    }
+}
+
+MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_format format;
+    ma_uint32 channels;
+
+    result = ma_data_source_get_data_format(pDataSource, &format, &channels, NULL, NULL, 0);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        return result;  /* Failed to retrieve the data format of the data source. */
+    }
+
+    return ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32_ex(pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, pFramesRead, loop, format, channels);
+}
+
+MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_and_mix_f32(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop, float volume)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_format format;
+    ma_uint32 channels;
+    ma_uint64 totalFramesRead;
+
+    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
+        *pFramesRead = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (pDataSource == NULL) {
+        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
+    }
+
+    result = ma_data_source_get_data_format(pDataSource, &format, &channels, NULL, NULL, 0);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        return result;  /* Failed to retrieve the data format of the data source. */
+    }
+
+    totalFramesRead = 0;
+    while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
+        float temp[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE/sizeof(float)];
+        ma_uint64 tempCapInFrames = ma_countof(temp) / channels;
+        ma_uint64 framesJustRead;
+        ma_uint64 framesToRead = frameCount - totalFramesRead;
+        if (framesToRead > tempCapInFrames) {
+            framesToRead = tempCapInFrames;
+        }
+        
+        result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32_ex(pDataSource, temp, framesToRead, &framesJustRead, loop, format, channels);
+
+        ma_mix_pcm_frames_f32(ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr(pFramesOut, totalFramesRead, ma_format_f32, channels), temp, framesJustRead, channels, volume);
+        totalFramesRead += framesJustRead;
+
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
+        *pFramesRead = totalFramesRead;
+    }
+
+    return MA_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
+{
+    /*
+    In this example we're just going to play our data sources layered on top of each other. This
+    assumes the device's format is f32 and that the buffer is not pre-silenced.
+    */
+    ma_uint32 iDataSource;
+
+    MA_ASSERT(pDevice->playback.format == ma_format_f32);
+
+    (void)pInput;   /* Unused. */
+
+    /*
+    If the device was configured with noPreSilencedOutputBuffer then you would need to silence the
+    buffer here, or make sure the first data source to be mixed is copied rather than mixed.
+    */
+    /*ma_silence_pcm_frames(pOutput, frameCount, ma_format_f32, pDevice->playback.channels);*/
+
+    /* For each sound, mix as much data as we can. */
+    for (iDataSource = 0; iDataSource < g_dataSourceCount; iDataSource += 1) {
+        ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_and_mix_f32(&g_dataSources[iDataSource], (float*)pOutput, frameCount, NULL, MA_TRUE, /* volume = */1);
+    }
+}
+
+static ma_thread_result MA_THREADCALL custom_job_thread(void* pUserData)
+{
+    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager = (ma_resource_manager*)pUserData;
+    MA_ASSERT(pResourceManager != NULL);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        ma_result result;
+        ma_resource_manager_job job;
+
+        /*
+        Retrieve a job from the queue first. This defines what it is you're about to do. By default this will be
+        blocking. You can initialize the resource manager with MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING to not block in
+        which case MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE will be returned if no jobs are available.
+
+        When the quit job is returned (MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT), the return value will always be MA_CANCELLED. If you don't want
+        to check the return value (you should), you can instead check if the job code is MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT and use that
+        instead.
+        */
+        result = ma_resource_manager_next_job(pResourceManager, &job);
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            if (result == MA_CANCELLED) {
+                printf("CUSTOM JOB THREAD TERMINATING VIA MA_CANCELLED... ");
+            } else {
+                printf("CUSTOM JOB THREAD ERROR: %s. TERMINATING... ", ma_result_description(result));
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /*
+        Terminate if we got a quit message. You don't need to terminate like this, but's a bit more robust. You can
+        just use a global variable or something similar if it's easier for your particular situation. The quit job
+        remains in the queue and will continue to be returned by future calls to ma_resource_manager_next_job(). The
+        reason for this is to give every job thread visibility to the quit job so they have a chance to exit.
+
+        We won't actually be hitting this code because the call above will return MA_CANCELLED when the MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT
+        event is received which means the `result != MA_SUCCESS` logic above will catch it. If you do not check the
+        return value of ma_resource_manager_next_job() you will want to check for MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT like the code below.
+        */
+        if (job.toc.breakup.code == MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT) {
+            printf("CUSTOM JOB THREAD TERMINATING VIA MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT... ");
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* Call ma_resource_manager_process_job() to actually do the work to process the job. */
+        printf("PROCESSING IN CUSTOM JOB THREAD: %d\n", job.toc.breakup.code);
+        ma_resource_manager_process_job(pResourceManager, &job);
+    }
+
+    printf("TERMINATED\n");
+    return (ma_thread_result)0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_result result;
+    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
+    ma_device device;
+    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
+    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
+    ma_thread jobThread;
+    int iFile;
+
+    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
+    deviceConfig.playback.format = ma_format_f32;
+    deviceConfig.dataCallback    = data_callback;
+    deviceConfig.pUserData       = NULL;
+
+    result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to initialize device.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /* We can start the device before loading any sounds. We'll just end up outputting silence. */
+    result = ma_device_start(&device);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_device_uninit(&device);
+        printf("Failed to start device.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    We have the device so now we want to initialize the resource manager. We'll use the resource manager to load some
+    sounds based on the command line.
+    */
+    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
+
+    /*
+    We'll set a standard decoding format to save us to processing time at mixing time. If you're wanting to use
+    spatialization with your decoded sounds, you may want to consider leaving this as 0 to ensure the file's native
+    channel count is used so you can do proper spatialization.
+    */
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedFormat     = device.playback.format;
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedChannels   = device.playback.channels;
+    resourceManagerConfig.decodedSampleRate = device.sampleRate;
+
+    /* The number of job threads to be managed internally. Set this to 0 if you want to self-manage your job threads */
+    resourceManagerConfig.jobThreadCount = 4;
+
+    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
+    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        ma_device_uninit(&device);
+        printf("Failed to initialize the resource manager.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Now that we have a resource manager we can set up our custom job thread. This is optional. Normally when doing
+    self-managed job threads you would set the internal job thread count to zero. We're doing both internal and
+    self-managed job threads in this example just for demonstration purposes.
+    */
+    ma_thread_create(&jobThread, ma_thread_priority_default, 0, custom_job_thread, &resourceManager, NULL);
+
+    /* Create each data source from the resource manager. Note that the caller is the owner. */
+    for (iFile = 0; iFile < ma_countof(g_dataSources) && iFile < argc-1; iFile += 1) {
+        result = ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(
+            &resourceManager,
+            argv[iFile+1],
+            MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC /*| MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM*/,
+            NULL,   /* Async notification. */
+            &g_dataSources[iFile]);
+
+        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        g_dataSourceCount += 1;
+    }
+
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
+    getchar();
+
+
+    /* Teardown. */
+
+    /*
+    Uninitialize the device first to ensure the data callback is stopped and doesn't try to access
+    any data.
+    */
+    ma_device_uninit(&device);
+
+    /*
+    Our data sources need to be explicitly uninitialized. ma_resource_manager_uninit() will not do
+    it for us. This needs to be done before posting the quit event and uninitializing the resource
+    manager or else we'll get stuck in a deadlock because ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit()
+    will be waiting for the job thread(s) to finish work, which will never happen because they were
+    just terminated.
+    */
+    for (iFile = 0; (size_t)iFile < g_dataSourceCount; iFile += 1) {
+        ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit(&g_dataSources[iFile]);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Before uninitializing the resource manager we need to make sure a quit event has been posted to
+    ensure we can get out of our custom thread. The call to ma_resource_manager_uninit() will also
+    do this, but we need to call it explicitly so that our self-managed thread can exit naturally.
+    You only need to post a quit job if you're using that as the exit indicator. You can instead
+    use whatever variable you want to terminate your job thread, but since this example is using a
+    quit job we need to post one. Note that you don't need to do this if you're not managing your
+    own threads - ma_resource_manager_uninit() alone will suffice in that case.
+    */
+    ma_resource_manager_post_job_quit(&resourceManager);
+    ma_thread_wait(&jobThread); /* Wait for the custom job thread to finish so it doesn't try to access any data. */
+    
+    /* Uninitialize the resource manager after each data source. */
+    ma_resource_manager_uninit(&resourceManager);
+
+    return 0;
+}

research/_examples/custom_decoder_engine.c

-/*
-Demonstrates how to implement a custom decoder.
+#include "../../examples/custom_decoder_engine.c"
\ No newline at end of file
-
-This example implements two custom decoders:
-
-  * Vorbis via libvorbis
-  * Opus via libopus
-
-A custom decoder must implement a data source. In this example, the libvorbis data source is called
-`ma_libvorbis` and the Opus data source is called `ma_libopus`. These two objects are compatible
-with the `ma_data_source` APIs and can be taken straight from this example and used in real code.
-
-The custom decoding data sources (`ma_libvorbis` and `ma_libopus` in this example) are connected to
-the decoder via the decoder config (`ma_decoder_config`). You need to implement a vtable for each
-of your custom decoders. See `ma_decoding_backend_vtable` for the functions you need to implement.
-The `onInitFile`, `onInitFileW` and `onInitMemory` functions are optional.
-*/
-#define MA_NO_VORBIS    /* Disable the built-in Vorbis decoder to ensure the libvorbis decoder is picked. */
-#define MA_NO_OPUS      /* Disable the (not yet implemented) built-in Opus decoder to ensure the libopus decoder is picked. */
-#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "../../miniaudio.h"
-#include "../../extras/miniaudio_libvorbis.h"
-#include "../../extras/miniaudio_libopus.h"
-#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init__libvorbis(void* pUserData, ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_proc onTell, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pVorbis), pAllocationCallbacks);
-    if (pVorbis == NULL) {
-        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_libvorbis_init(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pReadSeekTellUserData, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pVorbis);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_free(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    *ppBackend = pVorbis;
-
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libvorbis(void* pUserData, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pVorbis), pAllocationCallbacks);
-    if (pVorbis == NULL) {
-        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_libvorbis_init_file(pFilePath, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pVorbis);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_free(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    *ppBackend = pVorbis;
-
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static void ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libvorbis(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-{
-    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)pBackend;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    ma_libvorbis_uninit(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
-    ma_free(pVorbis, pAllocationCallbacks);
-}
-
-static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_get_channel_map__libvorbis(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap)
-{
-    ma_libvorbis* pVorbis = (ma_libvorbis*)pBackend;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    return ma_libvorbis_get_data_format(pVorbis, NULL, NULL, NULL, pChannelMap, channelMapCap);
-}
-
-static ma_decoding_backend_vtable g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libvorbis =
-{
-    ma_decoding_backend_init__libvorbis,
-    ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libvorbis,
-    NULL, /* onInitFileW() */
-    NULL, /* onInitMemory() */
-    ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libvorbis
-};
-
-
-
-static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init__libopus(void* pUserData, ma_read_proc onRead, ma_seek_proc onSeek, ma_tell_proc onTell, void* pReadSeekTellUserData, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_libopus* pOpus;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    pOpus = (ma_libopus*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pOpus), pAllocationCallbacks);
-    if (pOpus == NULL) {
-        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_libopus_init(onRead, onSeek, onTell, pReadSeekTellUserData, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pOpus);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_free(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    *ppBackend = pOpus;
-
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libopus(void* pUserData, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoding_backend_config* pConfig, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_data_source** ppBackend)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_libopus* pOpus;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    pOpus = (ma_libopus*)ma_malloc(sizeof(*pOpus), pAllocationCallbacks);
-    if (pOpus == NULL) {
-        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_libopus_init_file(pFilePath, pConfig, pAllocationCallbacks, pOpus);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_free(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    *ppBackend = pOpus;
-
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static void ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libopus(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
-{
-    ma_libopus* pOpus = (ma_libopus*)pBackend;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    ma_libopus_uninit(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
-    ma_free(pOpus, pAllocationCallbacks);
-}
-
-static ma_result ma_decoding_backend_get_channel_map__libopus(void* pUserData, ma_data_source* pBackend, ma_channel* pChannelMap, size_t channelMapCap)
-{
-    ma_libopus* pOpus = (ma_libopus*)pBackend;
-
-    (void)pUserData;
-
-    return ma_libopus_get_data_format(pOpus, NULL, NULL, NULL, pChannelMap, channelMapCap);
-}
-
-static ma_decoding_backend_vtable g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libopus =
-{
-    ma_decoding_backend_init__libopus,
-    ma_decoding_backend_init_file__libopus,
-    NULL, /* onInitFileW() */
-    NULL, /* onInitMemory() */
-    ma_decoding_backend_uninit__libopus
-};
-
-
-
-
-void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
-{
-    ma_data_source* pDataSource = (ma_data_source*)pDevice->pUserData;
-    if (pDataSource == NULL) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, pOutput, frameCount, NULL, MA_TRUE);
-
-    (void)pInput;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
-    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
-    ma_engine_config engineConfig;
-    ma_engine engine;
-
-    /*
-    Add your custom backend vtables here. The order in the array defines the order of priority. The
-    vtables will be passed in to the resource manager config.
-    */
-    ma_decoding_backend_vtable* pCustomBackendVTables[] =
-    {
-        &g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libvorbis,
-        &g_ma_decoding_backend_vtable_libopus
-    };
-
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        printf("No input file.\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /* Using custom decoding backends requires a resource manager. */
-    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
-    resourceManagerConfig.ppCustomDecodingBackendVTables = pCustomBackendVTables;
-    resourceManagerConfig.customDecodingBackendCount     = sizeof(pCustomBackendVTables) / sizeof(pCustomBackendVTables[0]);
-    resourceManagerConfig.pCustomDecodingBackendUserData = NULL;  /* <-- This will be passed in to the pUserData parameter of each function in the decoding backend vtables. */
-
-    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize resource manager.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /* Once we have a resource manager we can create the engine. */
-    engineConfig = ma_engine_config_init();
-    engineConfig.pResourceManager = &resourceManager;
-
-    result = ma_engine_init(&engineConfig, &engine);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize engine.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /* Now we can play our sound. */
-    result = ma_engine_play_sound(&engine, argv[1], NULL);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to play sound.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
-    getchar();
-
-    return 0;
-}
\ No newline at end of file

research/_examples/duplex_effect.c

-/*
-Demonstrates how to apply an effect to a duplex stream using the node graph system.
+#include "../../examples/duplex_effect.c"
\ No newline at end of file
-
-This example applies a vocoder effect to the input stream before outputting it. A custom node
-called `ma_vocoder_node` is used to achieve the effect which can be found in the extras folder in
-the miniaudio repository. The vocoder node uses https://github.com/blastbay/voclib to achieve the
-effect.
-*/
-#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "../../miniaudio.h"
-#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
-#include "../_extras/nodes/ma_vocoder_node/ma_vocoder_node.c"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#define DEVICE_FORMAT      ma_format_f32;   /* Must always be f32 for this example because the node graph system only works with this. */
-#define DEVICE_CHANNELS    1                /* For this example, always set to 1. */
-
-static ma_waveform         g_sourceData;    /* The underlying data source of the excite node. */
-static ma_audio_buffer_ref g_exciteData;    /* The underlying data source of the source node. */
-static ma_data_source_node g_sourceNode;    /* A data source node containing the source data we'll be sending through to the vocoder. This will be routed into the first bus of the vocoder node. */
-static ma_data_source_node g_exciteNode;    /* A data source node containing the excite data we'll be sending through to the vocoder. This will be routed into the second bus of the vocoder node. */
-static ma_vocoder_node     g_vocoderNode;   /* The vocoder node. */
-static ma_node_graph       g_nodeGraph;
-
-void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
-{
-    MA_ASSERT(pDevice->capture.format == pDevice->playback.format);
-    MA_ASSERT(pDevice->capture.channels == pDevice->playback.channels);
-
-    /*
-    The node graph system is a pulling style of API. At the lowest level of the chain will be a 
-    node acting as a data source for the purpose of delivering the initial audio data. In our case,
-    the data source is our `pInput` buffer. We need to update the underlying data source so that it
-    read data from `pInput`.
-    */
-    ma_audio_buffer_ref_set_data(&g_exciteData, pInput, frameCount);
-
-    /* With the source buffer configured we can now read directly from the node graph. */
-    ma_node_graph_read_pcm_frames(&g_nodeGraph, pOutput, frameCount, NULL);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
-    ma_device device;
-    ma_node_graph_config nodeGraphConfig;
-    ma_vocoder_node_config vocoderNodeConfig;
-    ma_data_source_node_config sourceNodeConfig;
-    ma_data_source_node_config exciteNodeConfig;
-    ma_waveform_config waveformConfig;
-
-    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_duplex);
-    deviceConfig.capture.pDeviceID  = NULL;
-    deviceConfig.capture.format     = DEVICE_FORMAT;
-    deviceConfig.capture.channels   = DEVICE_CHANNELS;
-    deviceConfig.capture.shareMode  = ma_share_mode_shared;
-    deviceConfig.playback.pDeviceID = NULL;
-    deviceConfig.playback.format    = DEVICE_FORMAT;
-    deviceConfig.playback.channels  = DEVICE_CHANNELS;
-    deviceConfig.dataCallback       = data_callback;
-    result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        return result;
-    }
-
-
-    /* Now we can setup our node graph. */
-    nodeGraphConfig = ma_node_graph_config_init(device.capture.channels);
-
-    result = ma_node_graph_init(&nodeGraphConfig, NULL, &g_nodeGraph);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize node graph.");
-        goto done0;
-    }
-
-
-    /* Vocoder. Attached straight to the endpoint. */
-    vocoderNodeConfig = ma_vocoder_node_config_init(device.capture.channels, device.sampleRate);
-
-    result = ma_vocoder_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &vocoderNodeConfig, NULL, &g_vocoderNode);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize vocoder node.");
-        goto done1;
-    }
-
-    ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_vocoderNode, 0, ma_node_graph_get_endpoint(&g_nodeGraph), 0);
-
-    /* Amplify the volume of the vocoder output because in my testing it is a bit quiet. */
-    ma_node_set_output_bus_volume(&g_vocoderNode, 0, 4);
-
-
-    /* Source/carrier. Attached to input bus 0 of the vocoder node. */
-    waveformConfig = ma_waveform_config_init(device.capture.format, device.capture.channels, device.sampleRate, ma_waveform_type_sawtooth, 1.0, 50);
-
-    result = ma_waveform_init(&waveformConfig, &g_sourceData);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize waveform for excite node.");
-        goto done3;
-    }
-
-    sourceNodeConfig = ma_data_source_node_config_init(&g_sourceData, MA_FALSE);
-
-    result = ma_data_source_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &sourceNodeConfig, NULL, &g_sourceNode);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize excite node.");
-        goto done3;
-    }
-
-    ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_sourceNode, 0, &g_vocoderNode, 0);
-
-
-    /* Excite/modulator. Attached to input bus 1 of the vocoder node. */
-    result = ma_audio_buffer_ref_init(device.capture.format, device.capture.channels, NULL, 0, &g_exciteData);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize audio buffer for source.");
-        goto done2;
-    }
-
-    exciteNodeConfig = ma_data_source_node_config_init(&g_exciteData, MA_FALSE);
-
-    result = ma_data_source_node_init(&g_nodeGraph, &exciteNodeConfig, NULL, &g_exciteNode);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize source node.");
-        goto done2;
-    }
-
-    ma_node_attach_output_bus(&g_exciteNode, 0, &g_vocoderNode, 1);
-
-
-    ma_device_start(&device);
-
-    printf("Press Enter to quit...\n");
-    getchar();
-
-    /* It's important that we stop the device first or else we'll uninitialize the graph from under the device. */
-    ma_device_stop(&device);
-
-/*done4:*/ ma_data_source_node_uninit(&g_exciteNode, NULL);
-done3: ma_data_source_node_uninit(&g_sourceNode, NULL);
-done2: ma_vocoder_node_uninit(&g_vocoderNode, NULL);
-done1: ma_node_graph_uninit(&g_nodeGraph, NULL);
-done0: ma_device_uninit(&device);
-
-    (void)argc;
-    (void)argv;
-    return 0;
-}

research/_examples/engine_hello_world.c

-/*
-This example demonstrates how to initialize an audio engine and play a sound.
+#include "../../examples/engine_hello_world.c"
\ No newline at end of file
-
-This will play the sound specified on the command line.
-*/
-#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "../../miniaudio.h"
-#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_engine engine;
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        printf("No input file.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_engine_init(NULL, &engine);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize audio engine.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    ma_engine_play_sound(&engine, argv[1], NULL);
-
-    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
-    getchar();
-
-    ma_engine_uninit(&engine);
-
-    return 0;
-}

research/_examples/resource_manager.c

-/*
-Demonstrates how you can use the resource manager to manage loaded sounds.
+#include "../../examples/resource_manager.c"
\ No newline at end of file
-
-This example loads the first sound specified on the command line via the resource manager and then plays it using the
-low level API.
-
-You can control whether or not you want to load the sound asynchronously and whether or not you want to store the data
-in-memory or stream it. When storing the sound in-memory you can also control whether or not it is decoded. To do this,
-specify a combination of the following options in `ma_resource_manager_data_source_init()`:
-
-    * MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC  - Load asynchronously.
-    * MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE - Store the sound in-memory in uncompressed/decoded format.
-    * MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM - Stream the sound from disk rather than storing entirely in memory. Useful for music.
-
-The object returned by the resource manager is just a standard data source which means it can be plugged into any of
-`ma_data_source_*()` APIs just like any other data source and it should just work.
-
-Internally, there's a background thread that's used to process jobs and enable asynchronicity. By default there is only
-a single job thread, but this can be configured in the resource manager config. You can also implement your own threads
-for processing jobs. That is more advanced, and beyond the scope of this example.
-
-When you initialize a resource manager you can specify the sample format, channels and sample rate to use when reading
-data from the data source. This means the resource manager will ensure all sounds will have a standard format. When not
-set, each sound will have their own formats and you'll need to do the necessary data conversion yourself.
-*/
-#define MA_NO_ENGINE        /* We're intentionally not using the ma_engine API here. */
-#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "../../miniaudio.h"
-#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
-
-#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
-#include <emscripten.h>
-
-void main_loop__em(void* pUserData)
-{
-    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager = (ma_resource_manager*)pUserData;
-    MA_ASSERT(pResourceManager != NULL);
-
-    /*
-    The Emscripten build does not support threading which means we need to process jobs manually. If
-    there are no jobs needing to be processed this will return immediately with MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE.
-    */
-    ma_resource_manager_process_next_job(pResourceManager);
-}
-#endif
-
-void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
-{
-    ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames((ma_data_source*)pDevice->pUserData, pOutput, frameCount, NULL, MA_TRUE);
-
-    (void)pInput;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
-    ma_device device;
-    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
-    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
-    ma_resource_manager_data_source dataSource;
-
-    if (argc < 2) {
-        printf("No input file.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /* We'll initialize the device first. */
-    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
-    deviceConfig.dataCallback = data_callback;
-    deviceConfig.pUserData    = &dataSource;    /* <-- We'll be reading from this in the data callback. */
-
-    result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize device.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /*
-    We have the device so now we want to initialize the resource manager. We'll use the resource manager to load a
-    sound based on the command line.
-    */
-    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
-    resourceManagerConfig.decodedFormat     = device.playback.format;
-    resourceManagerConfig.decodedChannels   = device.playback.channels;
-    resourceManagerConfig.decodedSampleRate = device.sampleRate;
-
-    /*
-    We're not supporting threading with Emscripten so go ahead and disable threading. It's important
-    that we set the appropriate flag and also the job thread count to 0.
-    */
-#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
-    resourceManagerConfig.flags |= MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NO_THREADING;
-    resourceManagerConfig.jobThreadCount = 0;
-#endif
-
-    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_device_uninit(&device);
-        printf("Failed to initialize the resource manager.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* Now that we have a resource manager we can load a sound. */
-    result = ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(
-        &resourceManager,
-        argv[1],
-        MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM,
-        NULL,   /* Async notification. */
-        &dataSource);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to load sound \"%s\".", argv[1]);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /* Now that we have a sound we can start the device. */
-    result = ma_device_start(&device);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_device_uninit(&device);
-        printf("Failed to start device.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
-    emscripten_set_main_loop_arg(main_loop__em, &resourceManager, 0, 1);
-#else
-    printf("Press Enter to quit...\n");
-    getchar();
-#endif
-
-    /* Teardown. */
-
-    /* Uninitialize the device first to ensure the data callback is stopped and doesn't try to access any data. */
-    ma_device_uninit(&device);
-
-    /*
-    Before uninitializing the resource manager we need to uninitialize every data source. The data source is owned by
-    the caller which means you're responsible for uninitializing it.
-    */
-    ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit(&dataSource);
-
-    /* Uninitialize the resource manager after each data source. */
-    ma_resource_manager_uninit(&resourceManager);
-
-    return 0;
-}

research/_examples/resource_manager_advanced.c

-/*
-Demonstrates how you can use the resource manager to manage loaded sounds.
+#include "../../examples/resource_manager_advanced.c"
\ No newline at end of file
-
-The resource manager can be used to create a data source whose resources are managed internally by miniaudio. The data
-sources can then be read just like any other data source such as decoders and audio buffers.
-
-In this example we use the resource manager independently of the `ma_engine` API so that we can demonstrate how it can
-be used by itself without getting it confused with `ma_engine`.
-
-The main feature of the resource manager is the ability to decode and stream audio data asynchronously. Asynchronicity
-is achieved with a job system. The resource manager will issue jobs which are processed by a configurable number of job
-threads. You can also implement your own custom job threads which this example also demonstrates.
-
-In this example we show how you can create a data source, mix them with other data sources, configure the number of job
-threads to manage internally and how to implement your own custom job thread.
-*/
-#define MA_NO_ENGINE        /* We're intentionally not using the ma_engine API here. */
-#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "../../miniaudio.h"
-#include "../miniaudio_engine.h"
-
-static ma_resource_manager_data_source g_dataSources[16];
-static ma_uint32                       g_dataSourceCount;
-
-
-/*
-TODO: Consider putting these public functions in miniaudio.h. Will depend on ma_mix_pcm_frames_f32()
-being merged into miniaudio.h (it's currently in miniaudio_engine.h).
-*/
-static ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32_ex(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop, ma_format dataSourceFormat, ma_uint32 dataSourceChannels)
-{
-    /*
-    This function is intended to be used when the format and channel count of the data source is
-    known beforehand. The idea is to avoid overhead due to redundant calls to ma_data_source_get_data_format().
-    */
-    MA_ASSERT(pDataSource != NULL);
-
-    if (dataSourceFormat == ma_format_f32) {
-        /* Fast path. No conversion necessary. */
-        return ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, pFramesRead, loop);
-    } else {
-        /* Slow path. Conversion necessary. */
-        ma_result result;
-        ma_uint64 totalFramesRead;
-        ma_uint8 temp[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        ma_uint64 tempCapInFrames = sizeof(temp) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(dataSourceFormat, dataSourceChannels);
-        
-        totalFramesRead = 0;
-        while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
-            ma_uint64 framesJustRead;
-            ma_uint64 framesToRead = frameCount - totalFramesRead;
-            if (framesToRead > tempCapInFrames) {
-                framesToRead = tempCapInFrames;
-            }
-
-            result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, pFramesOut, framesToRead, &framesJustRead, loop);
-
-            ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr_f32(pFramesOut, totalFramesRead, dataSourceChannels), ma_format_f32, temp, dataSourceFormat, framesJustRead, dataSourceChannels, ma_dither_mode_none);
-            totalFramesRead += framesJustRead;
-
-            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return MA_SUCCESS;
-    }
-}
-
-MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_format format;
-    ma_uint32 channels;
-
-    result = ma_data_source_get_data_format(pDataSource, &format, &channels, NULL, NULL, 0);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        return result;  /* Failed to retrieve the data format of the data source. */
-    }
-
-    return ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32_ex(pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, pFramesRead, loop, format, channels);
-}
-
-MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_and_mix_f32(ma_data_source* pDataSource, float* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop, float volume)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_format format;
-    ma_uint32 channels;
-    ma_uint64 totalFramesRead;
-
-    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
-        *pFramesRead = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (pDataSource == NULL) {
-        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
-    }
-
-    result = ma_data_source_get_data_format(pDataSource, &format, &channels, NULL, NULL, 0);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        return result;  /* Failed to retrieve the data format of the data source. */
-    }
-
-    totalFramesRead = 0;
-    while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
-        float temp[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE/sizeof(float)];
-        ma_uint64 tempCapInFrames = ma_countof(temp) / channels;
-        ma_uint64 framesJustRead;
-        ma_uint64 framesToRead = frameCount - totalFramesRead;
-        if (framesToRead > tempCapInFrames) {
-            framesToRead = tempCapInFrames;
-        }
-        
-        result = ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_f32_ex(pDataSource, temp, framesToRead, &framesJustRead, loop, format, channels);
-
-        ma_mix_pcm_frames_f32(ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr(pFramesOut, totalFramesRead, ma_format_f32, channels), temp, framesJustRead, channels, volume);
-        totalFramesRead += framesJustRead;
-
-        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
-        *pFramesRead = totalFramesRead;
-    }
-
-    return MA_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
-{
-    /*
-    In this example we're just going to play our data sources layered on top of each other. This
-    assumes the device's format is f32 and that the buffer is not pre-silenced.
-    */
-    ma_uint32 iDataSource;
-
-    MA_ASSERT(pDevice->playback.format == ma_format_f32);
-
-    (void)pInput;   /* Unused. */
-
-    /*
-    If the device was configured with noPreSilencedOutputBuffer then you would need to silence the
-    buffer here, or make sure the first data source to be mixed is copied rather than mixed.
-    */
-    /*ma_silence_pcm_frames(pOutput, frameCount, ma_format_f32, pDevice->playback.channels);*/
-
-    /* For each sound, mix as much data as we can. */
-    for (iDataSource = 0; iDataSource < g_dataSourceCount; iDataSource += 1) {
-        ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames_and_mix_f32(&g_dataSources[iDataSource], (float*)pOutput, frameCount, NULL, MA_TRUE, /* volume = */1);
-    }
-}
-
-static ma_thread_result MA_THREADCALL custom_job_thread(void* pUserData)
-{
-    ma_resource_manager* pResourceManager = (ma_resource_manager*)pUserData;
-    MA_ASSERT(pResourceManager != NULL);
-
-    for (;;) {
-        ma_result result;
-        ma_resource_manager_job job;
-
-        /*
-        Retrieve a job from the queue first. This defines what it is you're about to do. By default this will be
-        blocking. You can initialize the resource manager with MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_FLAG_NON_BLOCKING to not block in
-        which case MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE will be returned if no jobs are available.
-
-        When the quit job is returned (MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT), the return value will always be MA_CANCELLED. If you don't want
-        to check the return value (you should), you can instead check if the job code is MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT and use that
-        instead.
-        */
-        result = ma_resource_manager_next_job(pResourceManager, &job);
-        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            if (result == MA_CANCELLED) {
-                printf("CUSTOM JOB THREAD TERMINATING VIA MA_CANCELLED... ");
-            } else {
-                printf("CUSTOM JOB THREAD ERROR: %s. TERMINATING... ", ma_result_description(result));
-            }
-
-            break;
-        }
-
-        /*
-        Terminate if we got a quit message. You don't need to terminate like this, but's a bit more robust. You can
-        just use a global variable or something similar if it's easier for your particular situation. The quit job
-        remains in the queue and will continue to be returned by future calls to ma_resource_manager_next_job(). The
-        reason for this is to give every job thread visibility to the quit job so they have a chance to exit.
-
-        We won't actually be hitting this code because the call above will return MA_CANCELLED when the MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT
-        event is received which means the `result != MA_SUCCESS` logic above will catch it. If you do not check the
-        return value of ma_resource_manager_next_job() you will want to check for MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT like the code below.
-        */
-        if (job.toc.breakup.code == MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT) {
-            printf("CUSTOM JOB THREAD TERMINATING VIA MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_JOB_QUIT... ");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        /* Call ma_resource_manager_process_job() to actually do the work to process the job. */
-        printf("PROCESSING IN CUSTOM JOB THREAD: %d\n", job.toc.breakup.code);
-        ma_resource_manager_process_job(pResourceManager, &job);
-    }
-
-    printf("TERMINATED\n");
-    return (ma_thread_result)0;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv)
-{
-    ma_result result;
-    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
-    ma_device device;
-    ma_resource_manager_config resourceManagerConfig;
-    ma_resource_manager resourceManager;
-    ma_thread jobThread;
-    int iFile;
-
-    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
-    deviceConfig.playback.format = ma_format_f32;
-    deviceConfig.dataCallback    = data_callback;
-    deviceConfig.pUserData       = NULL;
-
-    result = ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        printf("Failed to initialize device.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /* We can start the device before loading any sounds. We'll just end up outputting silence. */
-    result = ma_device_start(&device);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_device_uninit(&device);
-        printf("Failed to start device.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-
-    /*
-    We have the device so now we want to initialize the resource manager. We'll use the resource manager to load some
-    sounds based on the command line.
-    */
-    resourceManagerConfig = ma_resource_manager_config_init();
-
-    /*
-    We'll set a standard decoding format to save us to processing time at mixing time. If you're wanting to use
-    spatialization with your decoded sounds, you may want to consider leaving this as 0 to ensure the file's native
-    channel count is used so you can do proper spatialization.
-    */
-    resourceManagerConfig.decodedFormat     = device.playback.format;
-    resourceManagerConfig.decodedChannels   = device.playback.channels;
-    resourceManagerConfig.decodedSampleRate = device.sampleRate;
-
-    /* The number of job threads to be managed internally. Set this to 0 if you want to self-manage your job threads */
-    resourceManagerConfig.jobThreadCount = 4;
-
-    result = ma_resource_manager_init(&resourceManagerConfig, &resourceManager);
-    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-        ma_device_uninit(&device);
-        printf("Failed to initialize the resource manager.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /*
-    Now that we have a resource manager we can set up our custom job thread. This is optional. Normally when doing
-    self-managed job threads you would set the internal job thread count to zero. We're doing both internal and
-    self-managed job threads in this example just for demonstration purposes.
-    */
-    ma_thread_create(&jobThread, ma_thread_priority_default, 0, custom_job_thread, &resourceManager, NULL);
-
-    /* Create each data source from the resource manager. Note that the caller is the owner. */
-    for (iFile = 0; iFile < ma_countof(g_dataSources) && iFile < argc-1; iFile += 1) {
-        result = ma_resource_manager_data_source_init(
-            &resourceManager,
-            argv[iFile+1],
-            MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_DECODE | MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_ASYNC /*| MA_RESOURCE_MANAGER_DATA_SOURCE_FLAG_STREAM*/,
-            NULL,   /* Async notification. */
-            &g_dataSources[iFile]);
-
-        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        g_dataSourceCount += 1;
-    }
-
-    printf("Press Enter to quit...");
-    getchar();
-
-
-    /* Teardown. */
-
-    /*
-    Uninitialize the device first to ensure the data callback is stopped and doesn't try to access
-    any data.
-    */
-    ma_device_uninit(&device);
-
-    /*
-    Our data sources need to be explicitly uninitialized. ma_resource_manager_uninit() will not do
-    it for us. This needs to be done before posting the quit event and uninitializing the resource
-    manager or else we'll get stuck in a deadlock because ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit()
-    will be waiting for the job thread(s) to finish work, which will never happen because they were
-    just terminated.
-    */
-    for (iFile = 0; (size_t)iFile < g_dataSourceCount; iFile += 1) {
-        ma_resource_manager_data_source_uninit(&g_dataSources[iFile]);
-    }
-
-    /*
-    Before uninitializing the resource manager we need to make sure a quit event has been posted to
-    ensure we can get out of our custom thread. The call to ma_resource_manager_uninit() will also
-    do this, but we need to call it explicitly so that our self-managed thread can exit naturally.
-    You only need to post a quit job if you're using that as the exit indicator. You can instead
-    use whatever variable you want to terminate your job thread, but since this example is using a
-    quit job we need to post one. Note that you don't need to do this if you're not managing your
-    own threads - ma_resource_manager_uninit() alone will suffice in that case.
-    */
-    ma_resource_manager_post_job_quit(&resourceManager);
-    ma_thread_wait(&jobThread); /* Wait for the custom job thread to finish so it doesn't try to access any data. */
-    
-    /* Uninitialize the resource manager after each data source. */
-    ma_resource_manager_uninit(&resourceManager);
-
-    return 0;
-}