import cv2
from collections import defaultdict
from math import log, sqrt
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

GREEN = "#0F0"
BLUE = "#00F"
RED = "#F00"


def crop_image(im, settings):
  """ Intelligently crop an image to the subject matter """

  scale_by = 1
  if is_landscape(im.width, im.height):
    scale_by = settings.crop_height / im.height
  elif is_portrait(im.width, im.height):
    scale_by = settings.crop_width / im.width
  elif is_square(im.width, im.height):
    if is_square(settings.crop_width, settings.crop_height):
      scale_by = settings.crop_width / im.width
    elif is_landscape(settings.crop_width, settings.crop_height):
      scale_by = settings.crop_width / im.width
    elif is_portrait(settings.crop_width, settings.crop_height):
      scale_by = settings.crop_height / im.height

  im = im.resize((int(im.width * scale_by), int(im.height * scale_by)))

  if im.width == settings.crop_width and im.height == settings.crop_height:
    if settings.annotate_image:
      d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
      rect = [0, 0, im.width, im.height]
      rect[2] -= 1
      rect[3] -= 1
      d.rectangle(rect, outline=GREEN)
      if settings.destop_view_image:
        im.show()
    return im

  focus = focal_point(im, settings)

  # take the focal point and turn it into crop coordinates that try to center over the focal
  # point but then get adjusted back into the frame
  y_half = int(settings.crop_height / 2)
  x_half = int(settings.crop_width / 2)

  x1 = focus.x - x_half
  if x1 < 0:
      x1 = 0
  elif x1 + settings.crop_width > im.width:
      x1 = im.width - settings.crop_width

  y1 = focus.y - y_half
  if y1 < 0:
      y1 = 0
  elif y1 + settings.crop_height > im.height:
      y1 = im.height - settings.crop_height

  x2 = x1 + settings.crop_width
  y2 = y1 + settings.crop_height

  crop = [x1, y1, x2, y2]

  if settings.annotate_image:
    d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
    rect = list(crop)
    rect[2] -= 1
    rect[3] -= 1
    d.rectangle(rect, outline=GREEN)
    if settings.destop_view_image:
      im.show()

  return im.crop(tuple(crop))

def focal_point(im, settings):
    corner_points = image_corner_points(im, settings)
    entropy_points = image_entropy_points(im, settings)
    face_points = image_face_points(im, settings)

    total_points = len(corner_points) + len(entropy_points) + len(face_points)

    corner_weight = settings.corner_points_weight
    entropy_weight = settings.entropy_points_weight
    face_weight = settings.face_points_weight

    weight_pref_total = corner_weight + entropy_weight + face_weight

    # weight things
    pois = []
    if weight_pref_total == 0 or total_points == 0: 
      return pois

    pois.extend(
      [ PointOfInterest( p.x, p.y, weight=p.weight * ( (corner_weight/weight_pref_total) / (len(corner_points)/total_points) )) for p in corner_points ]
    )
    pois.extend(
      [ PointOfInterest( p.x, p.y, weight=p.weight * ( (entropy_weight/weight_pref_total) / (len(entropy_points)/total_points) )) for p in entropy_points ]
    )
    pois.extend(
      [ PointOfInterest( p.x, p.y, weight=p.weight * ( (face_weight/weight_pref_total) / (len(face_points)/total_points) )) for p in face_points ]
    )

    average_point = poi_average(pois, settings)

    if settings.annotate_image:
      d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
      for f in face_points:
        d.rectangle(f.bounding(f.size), outline=RED)
      for f in entropy_points:
        d.rectangle(f.bounding(30), outline=BLUE)
      for poi in pois:
        w = max(4, 4 * 0.5 * sqrt(poi.weight))
        d.ellipse(poi.bounding(w), fill=BLUE)
      d.ellipse(average_point.bounding(25), outline=GREEN)
      
    return average_point


def image_face_points(im, settings):
    np_im = np.array(im)
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(np_im, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

    tries = [
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_eye.xml', 0.01 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml', 0.05 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_profileface.xml', 0.05 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml', 0.05 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml', 0.05 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_frontalface_alt_tree.xml', 0.05 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_eye_tree_eyeglasses.xml', 0.05 ],
      [ f'{cv2.data.haarcascades}haarcascade_upperbody.xml', 0.05 ]
    ]

    for t in tries:
      # print(t[0])
      classifier = cv2.CascadeClassifier(t[0])
      minsize = int(min(im.width, im.height) * t[1]) # at least N percent of the smallest side
      try:
        faces = classifier.detectMultiScale(gray, scaleFactor=1.1,
          minNeighbors=7, minSize=(minsize, minsize), flags=cv2.CASCADE_SCALE_IMAGE)
      except:
        continue

      if len(faces) > 0:
        rects = [[f[0], f[1], f[0] + f[2], f[1] + f[3]] for f in faces]
        return [PointOfInterest((r[0] +r[2]) // 2, (r[1] + r[3]) // 2, size=abs(r[0]-r[2])) for r in rects]
    return []


def image_corner_points(im, settings):
    grayscale = im.convert("L")

    # naive attempt at preventing focal points from collecting at watermarks near the bottom
    gd = ImageDraw.Draw(grayscale)
    gd.rectangle([0, im.height*.9, im.width, im.height], fill="#999")

    np_im = np.array(grayscale)

    points = cv2.goodFeaturesToTrack(
        np_im,
        maxCorners=100,
        qualityLevel=0.04,
        minDistance=min(grayscale.width, grayscale.height)*0.07,
        useHarrisDetector=False,
    )

    if points is None:
        return []

    focal_points = []
    for point in points:
      x, y = point.ravel()
      focal_points.append(PointOfInterest(x, y, size=4))

    return focal_points


def image_entropy_points(im, settings):
    landscape = im.height < im.width
    portrait = im.height > im.width
    if landscape:
      move_idx = [0, 2]
      move_max = im.size[0]
    elif portrait:
      move_idx = [1, 3]
      move_max = im.size[1]
    else:
      return []

    e_max = 0
    crop_current = [0, 0, settings.crop_width, settings.crop_height]
    crop_best = crop_current
    while crop_current[move_idx[1]] < move_max:
        crop = im.crop(tuple(crop_current))
        e = image_entropy(crop)

        if (e > e_max):
          e_max = e
          crop_best = list(crop_current)

        crop_current[move_idx[0]] += 4
        crop_current[move_idx[1]] += 4

    x_mid = int(crop_best[0] + settings.crop_width/2)
    y_mid = int(crop_best[1] + settings.crop_height/2)

    return [PointOfInterest(x_mid, y_mid, size=25)]


def image_entropy(im):
    # greyscale image entropy
    # band = np.asarray(im.convert("L"))
    band = np.asarray(im.convert("1"), dtype=np.uint8)
    hist, _ = np.histogram(band, bins=range(0, 256))
    hist = hist[hist > 0]
    return -np.log2(hist / hist.sum()).sum()


def poi_average(pois, settings):
    weight = 0.0
    x = 0.0
    y = 0.0
    for poi in pois:
        weight += poi.weight
        x += poi.x * poi.weight
        y += poi.y * poi.weight
    avg_x = round(x / weight)
    avg_y = round(y / weight)

    return PointOfInterest(avg_x, avg_y)


def is_landscape(w, h):
  return w > h


def is_portrait(w, h):
  return h > w


def is_square(w, h):
  return w == h


class PointOfInterest:
  def __init__(self, x, y, weight=1.0, size=10):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y
    self.weight = weight
    self.size = size

  def bounding(self, size):
    return [
      self.x - size//2,
      self.y - size//2,
      self.x + size//2,
      self.y + size//2
    ]


class Settings:
  def __init__(self, crop_width=512, crop_height=512, corner_points_weight=0.5, entropy_points_weight=0.5, face_points_weight=0.5, annotate_image=False):
    self.crop_width = crop_width
    self.crop_height = crop_height
    self.corner_points_weight = corner_points_weight
    self.entropy_points_weight = entropy_points_weight
    self.face_points_weight = entropy_points_weight
    self.annotate_image = annotate_image
    self.destop_view_image = False