Add an example for handling fixed sized callbacks.

examples/fixed_size_callback.c

+/*
+The example demonstrates how to implement a fixed sized callback. miniaudio does not have built-in support for
+firing the data callback with fixed sized buffers. In order to support this you need to implement a layer that
+sits on top of the normal data callback. This example demonstrates one way of doing this.
+
+This example uses a ring buffer to act as the intermediary buffer between the low-level device callback and the
+fixed sized callback. You do not need to use a ring buffer here, but it's a good opportunity to demonstrate how
+to use miniaudio's ring buffer API. The ring buffer in this example is in global scope for simplicity, but you
+can pass it around as user data for the device (device.pUserData).
+
+This only works for output devices, but can be implemented for input devices by simply swapping the direction
+of data movement.
+*/
+#define MINIAUDIO_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "../miniaudio.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define DEVICE_FORMAT           ma_format_f32
+#define DEVICE_CHANNELS         1
+#define DEVICE_SAMPLE_RATE      48000
+
+#define PCM_FRAME_CHUNK_SIZE    1234    /* <-- Play around with this to control your fixed sized buffer. */
+
+ma_sine_wave g_sineWave;
+ma_pcm_rb g_rb; /* The ring buffer. */
+
+void data_callback_fixed(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
+{
+    /*
+    This callback will have a guaranteed and consistent size for frameCount. In this example we just fill the output buffer with a sine wave. This
+    is where you would handle the callback just like normal, only now you can assume frameCount is a fixed size.
+    */
+    printf("frameCount=%d\n", frameCount);
+
+    ma_sine_wave_read_f32(&g_sineWave, frameCount, (float*)pOutput);
+
+    /* Unused in this example. */
+    (void)pDevice;
+    (void)pInput;
+}
+
+void data_callback(ma_device* pDevice, void* pOutput, const void* pInput, ma_uint32 frameCount)
+{
+    /*
+    This is the device's main data callback. This will handle all of the fixed sized buffer management for you and will call data_callback_fixed()
+    for you. You should do all of your normal callback stuff in data_callback_fixed().
+    */
+    ma_uint32 pcmFramesAvailableInRB;
+    ma_uint32 pcmFramesProcessed = 0;
+    ma_uint8* pRunningOutput = pOutput;
+
+    ma_assert(pDevice->playback.channels == DEVICE_CHANNELS);
+
+    /*
+    The first thing to do is check if there's enough data available in the ring buffer. If so we can read from it. Otherwise we need to keep filling
+    the ring buffer until there's enough, making sure we only fill the ring buffer in chunks of PCM_FRAME_CHUNK_SIZE.
+    */
+    while (pcmFramesProcessed < frameCount) {    /* Keep going until we've filled the output buffer. */
+        ma_uint32 framesRemaining = frameCount - pcmFramesProcessed;
+
+        pcmFramesAvailableInRB = ma_pcm_rb_available_read(&g_rb);
+        if (pcmFramesAvailableInRB > 0) {
+            ma_uint32 framesToRead = (framesRemaining < pcmFramesAvailableInRB) ? framesRemaining : pcmFramesAvailableInRB;
+            void* pReadBuffer;
+
+            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_read(&g_rb, &framesToRead, &pReadBuffer);
+            {
+                memcpy(pRunningOutput, pReadBuffer, framesToRead * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels));
+            }
+            ma_pcm_rb_commit_read(&g_rb, framesToRead, pReadBuffer);
+
+            pRunningOutput += framesToRead * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
+            pcmFramesProcessed += framesToRead;
+        } else {
+            /*
+            There's nothing in the buffer. Fill it with more data from the callback. We reset the buffer first so that the read and write pointers
+            are reset back to the start so we can fill the ring buffer in chunks of PCM_FRAME_CHUNK_SIZE which is what we initialized it with. Note
+            that this is not how you would want to do it in a multi-threaded environment. In this case you would want to seek the write pointer
+            forward via the producer thread and the read pointer forward via the consumer thread (this thread).
+            */
+            ma_uint32 framesToWrite = PCM_FRAME_CHUNK_SIZE;
+            void* pWriteBuffer;
+
+            ma_pcm_rb_reset(&g_rb);
+            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(&g_rb, &framesToWrite, &pWriteBuffer);
+            {
+                ma_assert(framesToWrite == PCM_FRAME_CHUNK_SIZE);   /* <-- This should always work in this example because we just reset the ring buffer. */
+                data_callback_fixed(pDevice, pWriteBuffer, NULL, framesToWrite);
+            }
+            ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(&g_rb, framesToWrite, pWriteBuffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Unused in this example. */
+    (void)pInput;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+    ma_device_config deviceConfig;
+    ma_device device;
+
+    ma_sine_wave_init(0.2, 400, DEVICE_SAMPLE_RATE, &g_sineWave);
+    ma_pcm_rb_init(DEVICE_FORMAT, DEVICE_CHANNELS, PCM_FRAME_CHUNK_SIZE, NULL, &g_rb);
+    
+    deviceConfig = ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type_playback);
+    deviceConfig.playback.format   = DEVICE_FORMAT;
+    deviceConfig.playback.channels = DEVICE_CHANNELS;
+    deviceConfig.sampleRate        = DEVICE_SAMPLE_RATE;
+    deviceConfig.dataCallback      = data_callback;
+    deviceConfig.pUserData         = NULL;  /* <-- Set this to a pointer to the ring buffer if you don't want it in global scope. */
+
+    if (ma_device_init(NULL, &deviceConfig, &device) != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to open playback device.\n");
+        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&g_rb);
+        return -4;
+    }
+
+    printf("Device Name: %s\n", device.playback.name);
+
+    if (ma_device_start(&device) != MA_SUCCESS) {
+        printf("Failed to start playback device.\n");
+        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&g_rb);
+        ma_device_uninit(&device);
+        return -5;
+    }
+    
+    printf("Press Enter to quit...\n");
+    getchar();
+
+    ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&g_rb);
+    ma_device_uninit(&device);
+    
+    (void)argc;
+    (void)argv;
+    return 0;
+}

tests/ma_test_0.vcxproj

@@ -278,6 +278,7 @@
       <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
       <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\examples\fixed_size_callback.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\examples\simple_capture.c">
       <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
       <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
@@ -343,12 +344,12 @@
       <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
     </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="ma_duplex.c">
-      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">false</ExcludedFromBuild>
-      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">false</ExcludedFromBuild>
-      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|ARM'">false</ExcludedFromBuild>
-      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|ARM'">false</ExcludedFromBuild>
-      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">false</ExcludedFromBuild>
-      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">false</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|ARM'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|ARM'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
     </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="ma_no_device_io.c">
       <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>

tests/ma_test_0.vcxproj.filters

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\examples\simple_playback_emscripten.c">
       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\examples\fixed_size_callback.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\miniaudio.h">